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Roasted Coffee Beans

Moisture Content 1-5%
Size 8-12 mm in length (varies depending on roast level and variety)
Shape Oval or round, slightly wrinkled due to roasting
Color Brown to dark brown (depending on roast level)
Density 0.45 to 0.75 g/cm³
Weight 150-170 grams per 100 beans (varies with roast degree)
Crack (Roast Degree) First crack: Light roast; Second crack: Dark roast
Surface Oily (dark roasts) or dry (light roasts)
Defective Beans Typically less than 3% of the total weight
Broken Beans Typically less than 5% of the total weight
Foreign Matter Less than 0.5% (stones, dust, etc.)
Aroma Distinct, with floral, fruity, or nutty notes, depending on the roast
Caffeine Content 1.0-2.5% of total bean weight (decreases slightly with roasting)